The objective of this research was to determine the pasture structure, nutritional value, animal behaviour, intake, and performance of Santa Inês sheep grazing pastures with various mixtures of grass (Andropogon gayanus) and forage legume (Stylosanthes sp. and Calopogonium mucunoides). A randomized block design was adopted with the treatments arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with the factors consisting of cropping systems and grazing cycles. Grass in the mixed species pastures had a greater leaf/stem ratio than in the monoculture. Total forage mass was greater in the mixed pastures, which had the highest concentrations of crude protein and total digestible nutrients, the lowest fibre concentration, and the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility. Legumes were grazed with the highest frequency, and biting rate was highest in Andropogon gayanus with Stylosanthes sp. The highest intake (kg/day) was found in the mixed swards and the highest animal weight gain (143 g/day) in the mixed pastures. The pastures of Andropogon gayanus mixed with Stylosanthes sp. and C. mucunoides showed improved forage nutritive value and intake compared with the grass monoculture.

RESUMO Realizou-se o exame tomográfico do crânio de uma lontra com histórico de incoordenação, déficit visual e convulsões. Imagens intracranianas revelaram grande lesão cística não captante de contraste em região frontoparietal esquerda, apresentando comunicação com o ventrículo lateral esquerdo e espaço subaracnoidea. Esses achados foram consistentes com cavitação cerebral congênita preenchida por fluido cerebroespinhal, sendo porencefalia o diagnóstico de maior probabilidade com base nos achados clínicos e tomográficos. Destaca-se a raridade dessa condição em animais silvestres, sendo este o primeiro relato em lontras.

ABSTRACT Computed tomography of the head of an otter with a history of incoordination, visual deficits, and seizures was performed. Intracranial images revealed a large non-enhancing fluid attenuating cystic lesion in the left frontoparietal region communicating with the left lateral ventricle and subarachnoid space. These findings are consistent with a congenital brain cavity filled by cerebrospinal fluid, with porencephaly being the most probable diagnosis based on the clinical and tomographic findings. The authors highlight the rarity of such a cystic lesion in wild animals, with this being the first report in otters.

RESUMO Avaliou-se a resposta dos parâmetros fisiológicos de frequência cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e a atividade sérica das enzimas creatina quinase (CK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) em cães adultos hígidos, machos e fêmeas, sob duas modalidades de hidroterapia. Dez cães foram distribuídos em dois grupos de cinco animais, denominados de grupo I (caminhada em esteira aquática) e grupo II (natação) e submetidos a duas sessões por semana com duração inicial de 10 minutos, acrescida de cinco minutos por sessão até 30 minutos, durante nove semanas. As avaliações foram realizadas antes, imediatamente depois e quatro horas após o exercício em todas as sessões para as variáveis de FC, FR e TR e nos dias um, sete, 28 e 60 para CK e LDH. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) quando comparados os valores médios dos parâmetros fisiológicos de frequência cardíaca e respiratória e de temperatura retal. Os níveis de CK e LDH não se elevaram após a hidroterapia nos diferentes tempos e dias avaliados. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que as sessões de natação e de caminhada em esteira aquática não causaram alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos de frequência cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura retal e nos níveis sanguíneos de creatina quinase (CK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) no protocolo proposto.

ABSTRACT The physiological parameters of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (TR), and serum activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes were determined in healthy dogs, male and female, under two hydrotherapy modalities. Ten dogs were distributed in two groups of five animals, named Group I (underwater treadmill walk) and Group II (swimming), submitted to two sessions per week with initial duration of 10 minutes, plus 5 minutes per session up to 30 minutes, during 9 weeks. The evaluations were performed before, immediately after and 4 hours after exercise in all sessions for the HR, RR and TR variables and on days one, seven, 28 and 60 for CK and LDH. There was no difference (P> 0.05) when comparing the mean values of physiological parameters of heart and respiratory rate and rectal temperature. CK and LDH levels did not rise after hydrotherapy at different times and days evaluated. So, it was possible to conclude that swimming sessions and underwater treadmill walking did not cause alterations in the physiological parameters of heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and the blood levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the proposed protocol.

Realizou-se estudo com o objetivo de analisar as alterações na anatomia foliar de Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng) Harms e Schinnus terebinthifolius Raddi quando cultivadas em ambientes de sombra moderada ou densa, simulando as condições naturais encontradas em sistemas agroflorestais tradicionais do sul da Bahia, Brasil. Plantas das duas espécies, com aproximadamente um ano de idade, foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação sob quatro níveis de sombreamento (25%, 17%, 10% e 5%). Estudos anatômicos do limbo foliar foram realizados a partir de material incluído em parafina e seccionado em micrótomo rotativo. Os diferentes níveis de sombreamento ocasionaram alterações na estrutura do mesofilo de ambas as espécies, com diferenças significativas na espessura do parênquima paliçádico, limbo foliar, e densidade estomática. Nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado os resultados obtidos indicaram que G. integrifolia apresenta maior capacidade de aclimatação a ambientes de sombra moderada e densa do que S. terebinthifolius, sendo mais indicada para o cultivo em sistemas agroflorestais pré-estabelecidos.

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the changes in the leaf anatomy of Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng) Harms and Schinnus terebinthifolius Raddi when grown in environments with moderate to dense shade, simulating the natural conditions found in traditional agroforestry systems in southern Bahia, Brazil. Plants of both species, being approximately one year-old, were grown at four irradiance levels (25%, 17%, 10% and 5%) in a greenhouse. Leaf anatomical studies were made from material embedded in paraffin and sectioned on a rotary microtome. The different irradiance levels caused a shift in the mesophyll anatomy of both species, with significant differences in palisade parenchyma thickness and leaf stomatal density. In the conditions of this experiment, the results indicated that G. integrifolia has a higher capacity for acclimatization to moderate to dense shade than S. terebinthifolius, and it is thus more suitable for cultivation in pre-established agroforestry systems.

The research has its object the organization of the proposed didactic training, focused on planning and evaluation of extracurricular Paid Internship (EER). The EER is a non-compulsory activity which prints student in the commitment, skill and financial independence. Aim: to identify the methods of assessment undertaken and describe the operating conditions of the institutions offered to the trainee. Qualitative research, descriptive and exploratory. The six scenarios were linked to health units of the Secretariat of Health of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The subjects were nineteen students in the areas of Nursing, Pharmacy and Medicine, and the chairmen of the study centers and units. The evaluation methods were used: case studies, research reports, record of assistance, participation in meetings, job training and completion of the registration book of orders and events. The units of Health must have sufficient resources to make the ideal setting for the practice and training of future professionals.

A pesquisa tem seu objeto na organização didática da proposta de estágio, com foco no planejamento e avaliação do Estágio Extracurricular Remunerado (EER). O EER é uma atividade não-obrigatória que imprime no estudante o compromisso, destreza e independência financeira. Objetivamos: identificar as modalidades de avaliação empreendidas e descrever as condições operacionais das Instituições oferecidas ao estagiário. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Os cenários foram seis unidades de saúde vinculadas à Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos foram os dezenove estudantes das áreas de Enfermagem, Farmácia e Medicina, bem como os presidentes dos Centros de estudos das unidades. Os métodos avaliativos utilizados foram: estudos de casos, relatórios de pesquisa, registro de assistência prestada, participação em reuniões, trabalho de conclusão de estágio e registro do livro de ordens e ocorrências. As unidades de Saúde devem dispor de recursos para compor o cenário ideal para a prática e formação dos futuros profissionais.

La investigación tiene su objetivo en la organización didáctica de la propuesta de formación, con foco en el planeamiento y evaluación de la Formación Extracurricular Remunerada (EER). El EER es una actividad no obligatoria que imprime en el estudiante el compromiso, destreza e independencia financiera. Objetivamos: identificar las modalidades de evaluación emprendidas y describir las condiciones operacionales de las Instituciones ofrecidas para la formación. Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria. Los escenarios fueron seis unidades de salud vinculadas a la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Rio de Janeiro. Los sujetos fueron los diecinueve estudiantes de las áreas de Enfermería, Farmacia y Medicina, así como los presidentes de los Centros de Estudios de las unidades. Los métodos evaluativos utilizados fueron: estudios de casos, relatos de pesquisa, registro de asistencia prestada, participación en reuniones, trabajo de conclusión de formación y registro del libro de órdenes y ocurrencias. Las unidades de Salud deben disponer de recursos para componer el escenario ideal para la práctica y formación de los futuros profesionales.

Prompt and specific identification of fungemia agents is important in order to define clinical treatment. However, in most cases conventional culture identification can be considered to be time-consuming and not without errors. The aim of the present study was to identify the following fungemia agents: Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, and Histoplasma capsulatum using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR/RFLP). More specifically: a) to evaluate 3 different amplification regions, b) to investigate 3 different restriction enzymes, and c) to use the best PCR/RFLP procedure to indentify 60 fungemia agents from a culture collection. All 3 pairs of primers (ITS1/ITS4, NL4/ITS5 and Primer1/Primer2) were able to amplify DNA from the reference strains. However, the size of these PCR products did not permit the identification of all the species studied. Three restriction enzymes were used to digest the PCR products: HaeIII, Ddel and Bfal. Among the combinations of pairs of primers and restriction enzymes, only one (primer pair NL4/ITS5 and restriction enzyme Ddel) produced a specific RFLP pattern for each microorganism studied. Sixty cultures of fungemia agents (selected from the culture collection of Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas - FMTAM) were correctly identified by PCR/RFLP using the prime pair NL4/ITS5 and Ddel. We conclude that the method proved to be both simple and reproducible, and may offer potential advantages over phenotyping methods.

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of electrolyte disturbances in AIDS patients developing acute kidney injury in the hospital setting, as well as to determine whether such disturbances constitute a risk factor for nephrotoxic and ischemic injury. A prospective, observational cohort study was carried out. Hospitalized AIDS patients were evaluated for age; gender; coinfection with hepatitis; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; time since HIV seroconversion; CD4 count; HIV viral load; proteinuria; serum levels of creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium and magnesium; antiretroviral use; nephrotoxic drug use; sepsis; intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the need for dialysis. Each of these characteristics was correlated with the development of acute kidney injury, with recovery of renal function and with survival. Fifty-four patients developed acute kidney injury: 72% were males, 59% had been HIV-infected for >5 years, 72% had CD4 counts <200 cells/mm³, 87% developed electrolyte disturbances, 33% recovered renal function, and 56% survived. ICU admission, dialysis, sepsis and hypomagnesemia were all significantly associated with nonrecovery of renal function and with mortality. Nonrecovery of renal function was significantly associated with hypomagnesemia, as was mortality in the multivariate analysis. The risks for nonrecovery of renal function and for death were 6.94 and 6.92 times greater, respectively, for patients with hypomagnesemia. In hospitalized AIDS patients, hypomagnesemia is a risk factor for nonrecovery of renal function and for in-hospital mortality. To determine whether hypomagnesemia is a determinant or simply a marker of critical illness, further studies involving magnesium supplementation in AIDS patients are warranted.

Estudo bibliográfico da Consulta de Enfermagem que ressalta a importância da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Néri como precursora desta atividade. Os resultados mostram que a Consulta de Enfermagem é realizada com base no modelo curativista e individual. Concluímos que as instituições formadoras precisam repensar o ensino desta atividade, inserindo os acadêmicos o mais precocemente nesta prática, levando os mesmos a "aprender a aprender" em relação a esta temática, que é fundamental na práxis da enfermeira, pois existe ainda uma lacuna na sistematização deste procedimento. É necessário que a enfermeira domine a metodologia proposta para a sua execução com competência técnica, e, para tal, é importante a sensibilização da categoria, pois tal atividade é privativa da Enfermagem e necessita-se ocupar este espaço, ratificando o compromisso com a clientela assistida no que se refere ao atendimento das necessidades humanas básicas.

Estudio bibliográfico sobre Consulta de Enfermería que resalta la importancia de la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Néri como precursora de esta actividad. Los resultados muestran que la Consulta de Enfermería es realizada basándose en el modelo de cura e individual. Concluimos que las instituciones formadoras precisan repensar la enseñanza de esta actividad, insertando a los estudiantes desde el inicio en esta práctica, llevando a los mismos a "aprender a aprender" en relación a esta temática que es fundamental en la praxis de la enfermería, pues existe todavía una laguna en la sistematización de este procedimiento. Es necesario que la enfermería domine la metodología propuesta para su ejecución con competencia técnica, y, para ello, es importante la sensibilización de la categoría, pues tal actividad es privativa de la Enfermería y se necesita ocupar este espacio, ratificando el compromiso con la clientela asistida en lo que se refiere al servicio de las necesidades humanas básicas.

Bartonella is an important cause of blood culture-negative endocarditis in recent studies. Seroprevalence studies in the States of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro have shown Bartonella IgG positivity around 14% in healthy adults and 40% in HIV seropositive adults, respectively. A case report of a 46-year-old white male with moderate aortic regurgitation (AR) due to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), admitted due to worsening heart failure, is presented. Clinical features were apyrexia, anemia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, hematuria and splenomegaly. He was submitted to surgery due to worsening AR. Histopathology of the excised valve showed active bacterial endocarditis and underlying RHD. Routine blood cultures were negative. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) assays for Coxiella burnetii were non-reactive. Bartonella henselae IgG titer was 1:4096 prior to antibiotics and 1:512 14 months after treatment. History of close contact with a young cat during the months preceding his admission was elicited.